The Link Between Hormones and Dry Eye: Why Women Are More Often Affected

Dry eye is a condition that affects millions of people, but women, especially those in midlife and beyond, tend to experience it more frequently and more severely. While environmental factors and screen time can play a role, research shows that hormones are a major contributing factor. Understanding the connection between hormones and dry eye can help women take proactive steps toward relief and lasting eye health.
 

What Is Dry Eye?

Dry eye occurs when the eyes do not produce enough tears or when the tears evaporate too quickly. This leads to inflammation and irritation of the eye’s surface. There are two main types of dry eye:

• Aqueous-deficient dry eye: Caused by reduced tear production from the lacrimal glands.

• Evaporative dry eye: Occurs when tears evaporate too quickly, often due to Meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD).

Many patients experience a combination of both types, making it essential to identify the underlying cause for proper treatment.
 

Why Are Women More Often Affected?

Hormones, particularly estrogen and androgens, play a significant role in tear production and the stability of the tear film. Changes in these hormone levels, which are common during pregnancy, menopause, and even monthly menstrual cycles, can disrupt the delicate balance needed to keep the eyes moist and comfortable. Lower androgen levels, which often occur during menopause, have been closely linked to Meibomian gland dysfunction and evaporative dry eye.

Hormonal birth control and hormone replacement therapy (HRT) can also impact tear production and quality. Some women on these therapies report increased dryness, irritation, and vision changes, suggesting that hormone-based medications may further exacerbate dry eye symptoms.

Certain autoimmune diseases (such as Sjögren’s syndrome, rheumatoid arthritis, and lupus) are more prevalent in women and often come with dry eye as a symptom. These conditions can impair the body's ability to produce tears or damage the glands involved in tear production.
 

When to See Your Eye Doctor

If you're experiencing symptoms such as stinging, burning, blurry vision, or a gritty sensation in your eyes, it's important to see an optometrist. At Family Vision Care of Richmond, we use advanced diagnostic technology to accurately assess the root cause of your dry eye.

By identifying whether you’re dealing with aqueous deficiency, Meibomian gland dysfunction, or both, we can offer targeted treatments such as:

• Prescription eye drops or anti-inflammatory medications

• Intense Pulsed Light (IPL) Therapy

• Punctal plugs to reduce tear drainage

• Nutritional supplements like omega-3 fatty acids
 

Take Control of Your Eye Comfort

Dry eye a condition that can affect your quality of life. For women, the hormonal connection adds an additional layer of complexity, making early detection and personalized care especially important.

If you’re experiencing symptoms of dry eye, schedule a consultation with Family Vision Care of Richmond and find lasting relief tailored to your unique needs. Visit our office in Glen Allen Innsbrook or Ashland, Virginia, or call (804) 217-9883 (Innsbrook) or (804) 798-3306 (Ashland) to book an appointment today.